The Birth of Civilisation – The First Farmers (20000 BC to 8800 BC)
The Birth of Civilisation – The First Farmers (20000 BC to 8800 BC)
In the first of a three part series, we cover the earliest origins of agriculture in settlements throughout the Near East, and the great monuments their peoples erected.
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General sources:
Chris Scarre (2018) The Human Past. Fourth Edition.
Klaus Schmidt (2012) Gobekli Tepe: A Stone Age Sanctuary in South-Eastern Anatolia.
Marc Van De Mieroop (2016) A History of the Ancient Near East. Third Edition.
Amanda H. Podany (2014) The Ancient Near East: A Very Short Introduction.
Video References:
Stefan Milo (2019) How bad was the Younger Dryas? Causes-Megafauna-Civilisation.
References:
Gautney and Holliday (2015) New estimations of habitable land area and human population size at the last glacial maximum. Journal of Archaeological Science.
Watkins (2010) New Light on Neolithic Revolution in south-west Asia. Antiquity.
Revedin et al. (2010) Thirty thousand-year-old evidence of plant food processing. PNAS.
Spivak and Nadel (2016) The use of stone at Ohalo II, a 23,000 year old site in the Jordan Valley, Israel. Journal of Lithic Studies.
Groman-Yaroslavski et al. (2016) Composite Sickles and Cereal Harvesting Methods at 23,000-Years-Old Ohalo II, Israel. PLOS ONE.
Snir et al. (2015) The Origin of Cultivation and Proto-Weeds, Long Before Neolithic Farming. PLOS ONE.
Maher et al. (2012) Twenty Thousand-Year-Old Huts at a Hunter-Gatherer Settlement in Eastern Jordan. PLOS ONE.
Ramsey et al. (2018) Risk, Reliability and Resilience: Phytolith Evidence for Alternative ‘Neolithization’ Pathways at Kharaneh IV in the Azraq Basin, Jordan. PLOS ONE.
Maher et al. (2015) Occupying wide open spaces? Late Pleistocene hunter-gatherer activities in the Eastern Levant. Quaternary International.
Grosman et al. (2016) Nahal Ein Gev II, a Late Natufian Community at the Sea of Galilee. PLOS ONE.
Liu et al. (2018) Fermented beverage and food storage in 13,000 y-old stone mortars at Raqefet Cave, Israel: Investigating Natufian ritual feasting. Journal of Archaeological Science:
Reports.
Richter et al. (2017) High Resolution AMS Dates from Shubayqa 1, northeast Jordan Reveal Complex Origins of Late Epipalaeolithic Natufian in the Levant. Scientific Reports.
Arranz-Otaegui (2018) Archaeobotanical evidence reveals the origins of bread 14,400 years ago in northeastern Jordan. PNAS.
Eitam et al. (2015) Experimental Barley Flour Production in 12,500-Year-Old Rock-Cut Mortars in Southwestern Asia. PLOS ONE.
Grosman et al. (2008) A 12,000-year-old Shaman burial from the southern Levant (Israel). PNAS.
Dubreuil et al. (2019) Evidence of ritual breakage of a ground stone tool at the Late Natufian site of Hilazon Tachtit cave (12,000 years ago). PLOS ONE.
Olszewski (2012) The Zarzian in the Context of the Epipaleolithic Middle East. International Journal of the Humanities.
Rosen and Rivera-Collazo (2012) Climate change, adaptive cycles, and the persistence of foraging economies during the late Pleistocene/Holocene transition in the Levant. PNAS.
Lorenzo Nigro (2014) The Archaeology of Collapse and Resilience: Tell es-Sultan/Ancient Jericho as a case study. ROSAPAT 11.
Dietrich et al. (2012) The role of cult and feasting in the emergence of Neolithic communities. New evidence from Gobekli Tepe, south-eastern Turkey. Antiquity.
Dietrich et al. (2017) Feasting, Social Complexity, and the Emergence of the Early Neolithic of Upper Mesopotamia. In book: Feast, Famine or Fight?: Multiple Pathways to Social Complexity.
Dietrich et al. (2019) Cereal Processing at Early Neolithic Gobekli Tepe, southeastern Turkey. PLOS ONE.
Ice age theory is just that. Everything that has occurred on this earth seems to replicate itself except this gosh darn imaginary Ice age.
Civilization could not have existed without murderous war and horrific and unspeakable explotation of some humans by other humans. In modern society we've made the exploitation much more palatable. But given how it was earlier, was the cost of human life and suffering worth it for humans to now have civilization?
Walkable cities are a must
The most profound development is yet to come…the rejection of superstitious beliefs ; religion.
excellent three part series but you misspelled civilization in each of the three…
When I first watched Boondock Saints, I laughed at the first cop scene. No one would ever say "symbology", that's hilarious……
At least this guy gets it right a few minutes later.
Isn’t it spelled “civilization”?
There might be a few babies in this world that have 2 parents
Only 20M people on earth 20,000 yrs ago. To put that into perspective the top 10 most populated cities have a total of 25M people.
मूर्ख 😂😅😂
Did your icon change?
A new book named the Bible came out and said all this is cap
Fantastic channel💯. Thanks
I really liked the link between the progress and the accelerated civilizations and your explanation about "the younger drays" (named after a flower) Atlantic meridional overturning circulation) This is the end of the Pleistocene era – and the beginning of our era – the Holocene. There is definitely a correlation between the "younger dryas" and human progress "the Agricultural Revolution".
But why is there an effect especially on the ancient near East, in connection with the younger drays and we don't find evidence of "cultural-agricultural acceleration" in America or China or Russia. It is interesting why exactly the Near East was affected by this period, at that time. 🤔
Awesome videos, thanks 🌟💯
💯
I still think we as a human species are much older than we think. Just a gut feeling .
Sure went from 20,000 to 3,000 real quick
Thanks!
What a lovely voice, I understood every word. Thank you.
stopped after the 3rd pronunciation of sedentary.
It is Palestine
Well this must have been made by white supremacist the first people who invented farming reading and writing in math are 100% black people in fact the myth that is written in the Bible and the magic that's written in the Bible came from these very same black people
The opening statement is incorrect; we are heading for a global population crash.