CAUSES of Migration 1750-1900 [AP World History] Unit 6 Topic 6 (6.6)
CAUSES of Migration 1750-1900 [AP World History] Unit 6 Topic 6 (6.6)
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notes (used existing notes and watched the video):
Economies have been globalized because of the Industrial Revolution, either through imperialism, or through innovations people migrated to cities for work.
– Migration through labor systems:
○ During this time, Industrial factories only got hungrier and hungrier for raw materials
○ Abolition of Slavery:
§ The abolition of slavery which let go of a major work force and needed replacement
○ laborers worked as indentured servants, contract laborers or within a penal colony
§ Also during this time, people were migrating to these workplaces
○ Chinese people to California
○ Natives to the American colonies
○ Japanese laborers migrated to Hawaii
○ Peru and Cuba to work on sugar plantations.
○ Factories started using indentured servants instead of slaves, workers that migrated became indentured servants
§ Worked for a number of years and then go free
§ Many stayed in these countries even after their indenture was complete
§ Examples being Indians who migrated to Trinidad, Fiji, and Mauritius.
– Contract labor:
○ when British abolished slave trade in 1806, their first attempt at a replacement was to bring in Chinese and Indian workers who would agree to work for very low wages.
▪ Did the work of former slaves
▪ Signed bad contracts, form of coerced labor
▪ In 1877, many countries passed laws to improve the treatment of Indian and Chinese workers
○ Penal Colony: Is where they send their convicts, convicts did work too
§ Devil’s island in French Guinea was an example of this
○ Prisoners were underfed and forced into hard labor, generally existed in misery
– Migration in the face of challenges:
○ Many people migrated because of home situations
○ A lot of Chinese people made up a diaspora during this time on the west coast
§ Diaspora: A scattered population whose origin lies in a different geographic location
○ India: During this time, there was lots of poverty in India, which led to some mass migrations around the world
§ British offered Indentured Servitude, and other colonies started asking as well, similar to Indenture
§ Most of these folks signed five year agreements to work, and while some returned home, others stayed in their places
○ China, accepted Indentured Servitude as well, because of poverty and famine,
§ huge numbers of Indian and Chinese people went over to America, where the helped complete the trans-continental railroad
○ Ireland, where Irish folks immigrated for political reasons
§ 1801, Ireland became part of the United Kingdom: after the English government abolished the Irish government.
§ Most people also migrated because of their hunger. In 1845 the potato famine started.
§ Irish going mainly to the US after the potato famine.
○ MIGRATIONS OFTEN FORMED DIASPORAS
– Establishment of Settler colonies:
○ These are the colonies, where people can actually settle.
○ Establishment of Settler colonies by the British
§ Examples: Canada, Australia, South Africa, New Zealand
○ Large parts of the people who were migrating to these places were geologists and engineers
○ These people were moving so they could expand industrialization in that area
§ So much moved that they formed an engineer’s diaspora
○ Japan utilized settler colonies in an unsuccessful attempt to obtain Mexico and Hawaii.
Return of migrants:
• Japanese agricultural workers in the Pacific
• Lebanese merchants in the Americas
• Italian industrial workers in Argentina
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My notes:
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1:12 where is this picture from?